PSG has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the French league winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.